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Instrumentation is a field of study and work
centering on measurement and control of physical processes.
These physical processes include pressure, temperature, flow
rate, and chemical consistency. An instrument is a device
that measures and/or acts to control any kind of physical
process. Due to the fact that electrical quantities of
voltage and current are easy to measure, manipulate, and
transmit over long distances, they are widely used to
represent such physical variables and transmit the
information to remote locations.
A signal is any kind of physical
quantity that conveys information. Audible speech is
certainly a kind of signal, as it conveys the thoughts
(information) of one person to another through the physical
medium of sound. Hand gestures are signals, too, conveying
information by means of light. This text is another kind of
signal, interpreted by your English-trained mind as
information about electric circuits. In this chapter, the
word signal will be used primarily in reference to an
electrical quantity of voltage or current that is used to
represent or signify some other physical
quantity.
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